1. Fahimtar Rabo Mai Kyau
A duniyar forex, Hikimar, Da kuma CFD ciniki, da Sharpe Mai Ratio kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci wanda traders suna amfani da su don kimanta dawowar zuba jari idan aka kwatanta da nasa hadarin. Wanda aka yi masa suna bayan wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel William F. Sharpe, da gaske yana auna aikin saka hannun jari a kan ƙimar da ba ta da haɗari, bayan daidaitawa don haɗarinsa.
Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na Sharpe Ratio abu ne mai sauƙi:
- Rage ƙima mara haɗari daga ma'anar dawowa.
- Sa'an nan kuma raba sakamakon ta daidaitaccen karkatacciyar dawowa.
Sharpe Ratio mafi girma yana ba da shawarar ingantaccen saka hannun jari, yana ba da babban sakamako don matakin da aka ba da haɗari. Sabanin haka, ƙananan rabo yana nuna ƙarancin saka hannun jari, tare da ƙananan dawowa don matakin haɗari ɗaya.
Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa Sharpe Ratio ma'aunin dangi ne. Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi kwatanta jari irin wannan ko ciniki dabaru, maimakon a ware.
Bugu da ƙari, yayin da Sharpe Ratio kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi, ba tare da iyakoki ba. Na ɗaya, yana ɗauka cewa ana rarraba dawowar yawanci, wanda bazai kasance koyaushe ba. Har ila yau, ba ya yin la'akari da illar haɗuwa.
Don haka, yayin da Sharpe Ratio zai iya ba da fa'ida mai mahimmanci, yakamata a yi amfani da shi tare da sauran ma'auni da kayan aiki don samar da cikakken hoto na aikin saka hannun jari.
1.1. Ma'anar Sharpe Ratio
A cikin m duniya na forex, crypto, da CFD ciniki, kasada da dawowa bangarorin biyu ne na tsabar kudin daya. Traders koyaushe suna kan neman kayan aikin da zasu taimaka musu aunawa da sarrafa waɗannan mahimman abubuwan. Ɗayan irin wannan kayan aiki shine Sharpe Mai Ratio, ma'aunin da ke taimakawa traders fahimtar dawowar zuba jari idan aka kwatanta da hadarinsa.
Wanda aka yi masa suna bayan wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel William F. Sharpe, Sharpe Ratio wata hanya ce ta bincika aikin zuba jari ta hanyar daidaitawa don haɗarinsa. Matsakaicin dawowar da aka samu fiye da ƙimar rashin haɗari a kowace naúrar volatility ko jimlar kasada. Kuɗin da ba shi da haɗari zai iya zama dawowa kan jinginar gwamnati ko lissafin baitul mali, wanda ake ɗauka ba shi da haɗari.
Za a iya bayyana ma'anar Sharpe Ratio ta hanyar lissafi kamar:
- (Rx – Rf) / StdDev Rx
inda:
- Rx shine matsakaicin adadin dawowar x
- Rf shine ƙimar rashin haɗari
- StdDev Rx shine daidaitaccen karkacewar Rx (dawowar fayil)
Mafi girma da Sharpe Ratio, mafi kyawun dawowar saka hannun jari dangane da adadin haɗarin da aka ɗauka. A zahiri, wannan rabo yana ba da izini traders don tantance yuwuwar lada daga saka hannun jari, yayin da kuma la'akari da haɗarin da ke tattare da hakan. Wannan ya sa ya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin arsenal na kowane trader, ko suna mu'amala da su forex, crypto, ko CFDs.
Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Sharpe Ratio kayan aiki ne na baya; ya dogara ne akan bayanan tarihi kuma baya hasashen aikin gaba. Hakanan yana kula da lokacin lokacin da ake amfani da shi don ƙididdigewa. Sabili da haka, yayin da kayan aiki ne mai tasiri don kwatanta zuba jari, ya kamata a yi amfani da shi tare da sauran ma'auni da dabaru don cikakken ra'ayi na yanayin zuba jari.
1.2. Muhimmancin Sharpe Ratio a Kasuwanci
Sharpe Ratio, mai suna bayan Laureate na Nobel William F. Sharpe, yana aiki a matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don traders a cikin forex, crypto, da CFD kasuwanni. Ba za a iya wuce gona da iri muhimmancinsa ba. Yana da ma'auni na haɓaka-daidaitacce aiki, kyale traders don fahimtar dawowar zuba jari idan aka kwatanta da hadarinsa.
Amma me yasa Sharpe Ratio yake da mahimmanci haka?
Kyawun Sharpe Ratio ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ikonsa na ƙididdige ƙididdigewa da yuwuwar ladan saka hannun jari. Traders, ko novice ko ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru, koyaushe suna bin dabarun da ke haifar da mafi girman yiwuwar dawowa tare da ƙarancin haɗari. Sharpe Ratio yana ba da hanyar gano irin waɗannan dabarun.
- Kwatanta Zuba Jari: Sharpe Ratio yana ba da izini traders don kwatanta aikin daidaitawar haɗari na dabarun ciniki daban-daban ko saka hannun jari. Matsakaicin Sharpe Ratio mafi girma yana nuna mafi kyawun daidaitawar haɗari.
- Gudanar da Hadarin: Fahimtar Sharpe Ratio na iya taimakawa traders sarrafa kasada yadda ya kamata. Ta hanyar sanin rabo, traders na iya daidaita dabarun su don cimma daidaito mafi kyau tsakanin haɗari da dawowa.
- Ma'aunin Ayyuka: Sharpe Ratio ba kawai ra'ayi ba ne; kayan aiki ne mai amfani wanda traders suna amfani da su don auna aikin dabarun kasuwancin su. Dabarar tare da babban Sharpe Ratio a tarihi ya ba da ƙarin dawowa don matakin haɗari iri ɗaya.
Mahimmanci, Sharpe Ratio ba kayan aiki ne kaɗai ba. Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi tare da wasu ma'auni da alamomi don yin shawarwarin ciniki da aka sani. Yayin da yake ba da basira mai mahimmanci game da haɗari da dawowar dabarun, ba ya lissafin yiwuwar hasara mai yawa ko takamaiman yanayin kasuwa. Don haka, traders kada ya dogara ga Sharpe Ratio kawai, a'a a yi amfani da shi azaman wani ɓangare na cikakkiyar tsarin kula da haɗari.
1.3. Iyaka na Sharpe Ratio
Yayin da Sharpe Ratio hakika kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi a cikin arsenal na kowane mai hankali forex, crypto ko CFD trader, ba tare da iyakoki ba. Yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar waɗannan ƙuntatawa don tabbatar da cewa kuna yanke shawara mai zurfi bisa ingantacciyar fassarar jarin ku.
Da fari dai, Sharpe Ratio yana ɗauka cewa ana rarraba dawo da saka hannun jari. Koyaya, duniyar ciniki, musamman a cikin kasuwanni masu canzawa kamar crypto, galibi suna fuskantar skewness da kurtosis. A cikin sharuddan layman, wannan yana nufin cewa dawowa na iya samun matsananciyar ƙima ta kowane bangare na matsakaita, ƙirƙirar rarraba mara kyau wanda Sharpe Ratio ba shi da kayan aiki don sarrafawa.
- Rashin hankali: Wannan shine ma'aunin asymmetry na yuwuwar rarraba madaidaicin bazuwar ma'anarsa. Idan dawowar ku ba ta da kyau, yana nuna ƙarin sakamako mara kyau; kuma idan tabbatacce ya karkace, ƙarin matsananciyar sakamako mai kyau.
- Kurtosis: Wannan yana auna “wutsiya” na yuwuwar rarraba madaidaicin bazuwar ƙima. Kurtosis mafi girma yana nuna babban yuwuwar sakamako mai tsanani, ko dai tabbatacce ko mara kyau.
Na biyu, Sharpe Ratio shine ma'auni na baya. Yana ƙididdige aikin da ya gabata na saka hannun jari, amma ba zai iya hasashen aikin gaba ba. Wannan ƙayyadaddun yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin sauri-sauri, saurin haɓaka duniyar kasuwancin crypto, inda ayyukan da suka gabata galibi baya nuni da sakamako na gaba.
A ƙarshe, Sharpe Ratio kawai yayi la'akari da jimlar haɗarin fayil ɗin, rashin bambancewa tsakanin haɗari na tsari (haɗarin da ba za a iya bambanta ba) da haɗari mara tsari (haɗari mai iya bambanta). Wannan na iya haifar da ƙima na aikin fayil tare da babban haɗari mara tsari, wanda za'a iya rage shi ta hanyar. rarrabuwa.
Duk da yake waɗannan iyakoki ba sa watsi da fa'idar Sharpe Ratio, suna zama abin tunatarwa cewa kada a yi amfani da awo guda ɗaya a keɓe. Cikakken bincike na aikin kasuwancin ku yakamata koyaushe ya haɗa da kayan aiki da alamomi, kowannensu yana da nasu ƙarfi da rauni.
2. Lissafi na Sharpe Ratio
Shiga cikin duniyar ma'aunin kuɗi, Sharpe Ratio kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci don traders don ƙayyade dawowar zuba jari idan aka kwatanta da hadarinsa. Dabarar kirga Sharpe Ratio abu ne mai sauƙi: bambanci ne tsakanin dawo da saka hannun jari da ƙimar da ba ta da haɗari, wanda aka raba ta daidaitaccen karkata na dawo da saka hannun jari.
Sharpe Ratio = (Komawar saka hannun jari - ƙimar da ba ta da haɗari)
Mu karya shi. The 'Komawar jari' shine riba ko asarar da aka samu daga hannun jari, yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman kashi. The 'Rashin haɗari' shine dawo da saka hannun jari ba tare da haɗari ba, kamar jinginar gwamnati. Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan biyun yana ba mu riba mai yawa fiye da ƙimar rashin haɗari.
Ma'anar dabarar, 'Standard karkatar da dawo da zuba jari', yana auna juzu'i na saka hannun jari, wanda ake amfani da shi azaman wakili don haɗari. Matsakaicin ma'auni mafi girma yana nufin dawowar yana da yaduwa a kusa da ma'ana, yana nuna babban matakin haɗari.
Ga misali mai sauƙi. Bari mu ce kuna da saka hannun jari tare da dawowar shekara-shekara na 15%, ƙimar rashin haɗari na 2%, da daidaitaccen karkata na dawowa a 10%.
Sharpe Ratio = (15% - 2%) / 10% = 1.3
Sharpe Ratio na 1.3 yana nuna cewa ga kowane ɗayan haɗarin da aka ɗauka, ana sa ran mai saka hannun jari zai sami raka'a 1.3 na dawowa sama da ƙimar rashin haɗari.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Sharpe Ratio ma'auni ne na kwatanta. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da shi don kwatanta koma bayan da aka daidaita-hadari na saka hannun jari daban-daban ko dabarun ciniki. Matsakaicin Sharpe Ratio mafi girma yana nuna mafi kyawun daidaitawar haɗari.
2.1. Gano Abubuwan da ake Bukata
Kafin mu fara nutsewa cikin duniyar lissafin Sharpe Ratio, yana da mahimmanci mu fahimci mahimman abubuwan da ake buƙata don aikin da ke hannunsu. Wadannan sassan sune kashin bayan lissafin ku, kayan aikin da ke sa injin ya yi aiki ba tare da matsala ba.
Bangaren farko shine ana sa ran dawowar fayil. Wannan shine ƙimar da ake tsammani na dawowa kan fayil ɗin saka hannun jari a cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wannan hasashe ne, ba garanti ba. Ana iya ƙididdige dawowar da ake sa ran ta hanyar ninka abubuwan da za a iya samu ta hanyar yiwuwar faruwarsu, sa'an nan kuma ƙara waɗannan sakamakon tare.
Gaba na gaba shine ƙimar haɗari. A cikin duniyar kuɗi, wannan shine komawa kan zuba jari wanda ba shi da haɗari. Yawanci, ana wakilta wannan da yawan amfanin ƙasa akan lissafin Baitul malin Amurka na watanni 3. Ana amfani da shi azaman ma'auni a cikin lissafin Sharpe Ratio don auna yawan dawowar, ko ƙimar haɗari, don ɗaukar ƙarin haɗari.
Karshe amma ba komi bane ma'auni na fayil. Wannan ma'auni ne na adadin bambance-bambance ko tarwatsa jerin dabi'u. A cikin mahallin kuɗi, ana amfani da shi don auna rashin daidaituwar fayil ɗin saka hannun jari. Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar aiki, yayin da babban ma'auni na nuna rashin ƙarfi.
A taƙaice, waɗannan abubuwa guda uku sune ginshiƙan da Sharpe Ratio ya tsaya a kai. Kowannensu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙididdigewa, yana ba da haske mai mahimmanci game da haɗari da dawo da halayen fayil ɗin saka hannun jari. Tare da waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a hannu, kuna kan hanyar ku don ƙware fasahar ƙididdigewa da fassarar Sharpe Ratio.
- Dawowar fayil ɗin da ake tsammani
- Halin da ba shi da haɗari
- Daidaitaccen madaidaicin fayil
2.2. Mataki-mataki Tsarin Lissafi
Yin nutsewa cikin tsarin lissafin, abu na farko da kuke buƙatar sani shine Sharpe Ratio shine ma'auni na daidaitawar haɗari. Hanya ce don traders don fahimtar adadin ƙarin dawowar da suke karɓa don ƙarin rashin ƙarfi da suke jurewa don riƙe kadari mai haɗari. Yanzu, bari mu rushe tsari zuwa matakai masu iya sarrafawa.
Mataki 1: Ƙirƙiri Ƙimar Ƙimar Ƙirar
Don farawa, kuna buƙatar ƙididdige yawan dawowar kadari. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar rage ƙimar da ba ta da haɗari daga matsakaicin dawowar kadari. Yawan kuɗin da ba shi da haɗari galibi ana wakilta shi ta hanyar lissafin baitulmali na wata 3 ko duk wani saka hannun jari wanda ake ɗaukar 'marasa haɗari'. Ga dabarar:
- Matsakaicin Komawa = Matsakaicin Komawa Dukiyar - Rate-Kyauta
Mataki na 2: Ƙididdige Madaidaicin Matsala na Komawar Kadari
Na gaba, za ku lissafta daidaitattun karkatattun dawo da kadari. Wannan yana wakiltar rashin daidaituwa ko haɗarin da ke tattare da zuba jari. Mafi girman daidaitattun daidaito, mafi girman haɗarin saka hannun jari.
Mataki na 3: Yi lissafin Sharpe Ratio
A ƙarshe, zaku iya lissafin Sharpe Ratio. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar rarraba koma baya ta hanyar daidaitattun daidaito. Ga dabarar:
- Sharpe Ratio = Ƙarfafa Komawa / Madaidaicin Juya
Adadin da aka samu yana wakiltar haɗarin-daidaita dawowar saka hannun jari. Matsakaicin Sharpe Ratio mafi girma yana nuna mafi kyawun saka hannun jari, saboda yana nufin kuna samun ƙarin dawowa ga kowane rukunin haɗarin da aka ɗauka. Sabanin haka, ƙananan rabo na iya ba da shawarar cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da saka hannun jari bazai zama barata ta hanyar yiwuwar dawowa ba.
Ka tuna, yayin da Sharpe Ratio kayan aiki ne mai amfani, bai kamata ya zama shine kaɗai ke ƙayyade shawarar saka hannun jari ba. Yana da mahimmanci koyaushe a yi la'akari da wasu dalilai da ma'auni, da fahimtar cikakken mahallin saka hannun jari.
3. Fassarar Sharpe Ratio
Sharpe Ratio kayan aiki ne da ba makawa forex, crypto, da CFD traders. Yana da ma'auni na sake dawo da haɗari-daidaitacce, kyale traders don fahimtar dawowar zuba jari idan aka kwatanta da hadarinsa. Amma ta yaya kuke fassara shi?
Matsakaicin Sharpe Ratio mai kyau yana nuna cewa jarin ya samar da ingantaccen riba mai kyau ga matakin haɗarin da aka ɗauka. Mafi girma da Sharpe Ratio, mafi kyawun aikin haɓaka-hadarin zuba jari na tarihi ya kasance. Idan Sharpe Ratio mara kyau, yana nufin ƙimar da ba ta da haɗari ya fi dawowar fayil ɗin, ko kuma ana sa ran dawowar fayil ɗin ya zama mara kyau.
A wannan yanayin, mai saka jari mai ƙin haɗari zai fi kyau a saka hannun jari a cikin amintattun tsaro. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin kwatanta Sharpe Ratios, tabbatar kana kwatanta irin wannan jarin. Kwatanta Sharpe Ratio na a forex Dabarun ciniki tare da na dabarun ciniki na crypto na iya haifar da yanke hukunci mai ɓatarwa, saboda haɗarin da halayen dawowar waɗannan kasuwanni na iya bambanta sosai.
3.1. Fahimtar Sikelin Rabo Sharpe
Nutse cikin zuciyar jigon, Sharpe Ratio Scale shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci ga kowane trader neman kara girman dawowar su. Wannan sikelin, mai suna bayan Laureate na Nobel William F. Sharpe, ma'auni ne da ake amfani da shi don fahimtar dawowar zuba jari idan aka kwatanta da hadarinsa.
Babban ma'anar Sharpe Ratio shine yana ƙididdige dawowar mai saka hannun jari zai iya tsammanin ƙarin rashin daidaituwar da aka jure lokacin riƙe kadari mai haɗari. Matsakaicin Sharpe Ratio mafi girma yana nuna mafi kyawun daidaitawar haɗari.
Ga wasu ma'auni na gaba ɗaya:
- A Sharpe Ratio na 1 ko fiye ana la'akari mai kyau, yana nuna cewa dawowar ya fi haɗari.
- A Sharpe Ratio na 2 is da kyau sosai, yana nuna cewa dawowar su ne sau biyu kamar hadarin.
- A Sharpe Ratio na 3 ko fiye shine m, yana nuna cewa dawowar su ne sau uku hadarin.
Kalma ta taka tsantsan ko da yake - Babban Sharpe Ratio ba lallai bane yana nufin babban sakamako. Yana nuna kawai cewa dawowar sun fi daidaituwa kuma ba su da ƙarfi. Don haka, saka hannun jari mai ƙarancin haɗari tare da daidaiton dawowa na iya samun ƙimar Sharpe mafi girma fiye da babban saka hannun jari mai haɗari tare da dawo da kuskure.
Ka tuna, mabuɗin don cin nasara ciniki ba kawai game da neman babban sakamako ba ne, amma fahimta da kuma sarrafa haɗarin da ke tattare da shi. Scale Sharpe Ratio shine irin kayan aikin da ke taimakawa traders cimma wannan daidaito.
3.2. Kwatanta Sharpe Ratio of Portfolios Daban-daban
Idan ya zo ga kwatanta Sharpe Ratios na fayiloli daban-daban, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa mafi girman Sharpe Ratio yana nuna kyakkyawar dawowar haɗari-daidaitacce. Wannan yana nufin cewa ga kowane rukunin haɗarin da aka ɗauka, fayil ɗin yana haifar da ƙarin dawowa.
Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Sharpe Ratio bai kamata ya zama alamar kawai da aka yi amfani da ita lokacin kwatanta fayil ɗin ba. Wasu dalilai, kamar cikakken bayanin haɗarin fayil ɗin, dabarun saka hannun jari, da haƙurin haɗarin mai saka jari, ya kamata kuma a yi la'akari da su.
Bari mu yi tunanin muna da fayil guda biyu: Fayil A tare da Matsakaicin Rabo na 1.5 da Fayil B tare da Sharpe Ratio na 1.2. A kallo na farko, yana iya zama kamar Portfolio A shine mafi kyawun zaɓi tunda yana da girman Sharpe Ratio. Koyaya, idan Portfolio A an saka hannun jari sosai a cikin kadarorin masu canzawa kamar cryptocurrencies ko babban haɗari. hannun jari, bazai zama mafi kyawun zaɓi ga mai saka jari mai ƙima ba.
Ka tuna, Sharpe Ratio shine ma'auni na daidaitawar haɗari, ba cikakkiyar dawowa ba. Fayil ɗin da ke da babban Sharpe Ratio ba lallai ba ne zai haifar da mafi girman dawowa - zai haifar da mafi girman dawowa don matakin haɗarin da aka ɗauka.
Lokacin kwatanta fayil ɗin, yana da kyau a duba Rabo Rabo, wanda ke daidaitawa don haɗarin ƙasa, ko haɗarin dawowa mara kyau. Wannan na iya samar da ƙarin ra'ayi mai ma'ana game da bayanin haɗarin fayil, musamman don fayil ɗin tare da rabon dawowar asymmetric.
- Portfolio A: Sharpe Ratio 1.5, Ratio na Sotino 2.0
- Portfolio B: Sharpe Ratio 1.2, Ratio na Sotino 1.8
A wannan yanayin, Portfolio A har yanzu yana bayyana shine mafi kyawun zaɓi, saboda yana da duka mafi girma Sharpe da Ratio Ratio. Koyaya, yanke shawara a ƙarshe ya dogara da haƙurin haɗarin mai saka jari da burin saka hannun jari.
